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Theoretical bounds are commonly used to assess the limitations of photonicdesign. Here we introduce a more active way to use theoretical bounds,integrating them into part of the design process and identifying optimal systemparameters that maximize the efficiency limit itself. As an example, weconsider wide-field-of-view high-numerical-aperture metalenses, which can beused for high-resolution imaging in microscopy and endoscopy, but no existingdesign has achieved a high efficiency. By choosing aperture sizes to maximizean efficiency bound, setting the thickness according to a thickness bound, andthen performing inverse design, we come up with high-numerical-aperture (NA =0.9) metalens designs with record-high 98% transmission efficiency and 92%Strehl ratio across all incident angles within a 60-deg field of view, reachingthe maximized bound. This maximizing-efficiency-limit approach applies to anymulti-channel system and can help a wide range of optical devices reach theirhighest possible performance.

High-efficiency high-NA metalens designed by maximizing the efficiency limit