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The need for grounding in language understanding is an active research topic.Previous work has suggested that color perception and color language appear asa suitable test bed to empirically study the problem, given its cognitivesignificance and showing that there is considerable alignment between a definedcolor space and the feature space defined by a language model. To further studythis issue, we collect a large scale source of colors and their descriptions,containing almost a 1 million examples , and perform an empirical analysis tocompare two kinds of alignments: (i) inter-space, by learning a mapping betweenembedding space and color space, and (ii) intra-space, by means of promptingcomparatives between color descriptions. Our results show that while colorspace alignment holds for monolexemic, highly pragmatic color descriptions,this alignment drops considerably in the presence of examples that exhibitelements of real linguistic usage such as subjectivity and abstractedness,suggesting that grounding may be required in such cases.

Perceptual Structure in the Absence of Grounding for LLMs: The Impact of Abstractedness and Subjectivity in Color Language