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Marietta Blau was a Vienna born nuclear physicist who eventually became theleading expert in the photographic detection of ionizing particles. She studiedphysics at the University of Vienna, graduated in 1919. As of 1924, she adaptedthe technique of photography for the detection of nuclear particles at theVienna Institute for Radium Research. When after years of painstakingmethodical development Blau succeeded in registering tracks of particles, sheand her collaborator Hertha Wambacher further refined the technique and by itsuse discovered the star-shaped tracks of reaction fragments from theinteraction of cosmic-ray particles in photographic emulsions, thedisintegration stars, in 1937. Due to her Jewish descent, Blau emigrated in1938, first to Mexico, later to the U.S. where she had access to scientificresearch again in 1948. At Brookhaven National Laboratory and Miami Universityshe applied the photographic method to reactions induced by high-energyparticles from accelerating machines rather than cosmic rays. When she returnedto Vienna in 1960, she supervised the evaluation of photographic plates fromCERN experiments.

Marietta Blau and the photographic method of particle detection