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Natural draft direct dry cooling systems (NDDDCSs) combine the benefits oftwo traditional dry cooling systems, air-cooled condensers (ACCs) and indirectnatural draft dry cooling systems, to offer advantages such as reduced systemcomplexity, high thermal efficiency, and low parasitic power losses andoperational costs. These scalable systems can potentially operate in both largecoal-fired power plants (900 MWt) and medium-scale concentrated solar power(CSP) plants (100 MWt). While prior research focused on NDDDCS steady-stateperformance, this study delves into the transient behaviour and start-upcharacteristics of this cooling system, crucial for power plants with rapidstart-up requirements or load ramps during electricity demand peaks. The paperemploys a transient 1-D mathematical model to characterize the NDDDCSs'response to start-up and load ramp conditions under no-wind, presenting resultsfor both large- and medium scales while identifying limiting factors.

Start-up and Transient Response Characteristics of Natural Draft Direct Dry Cooling Systems at Various Scales