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Thermal energy atom scattering at a surface with grazing incidence conditionsis an innovative method for investigating dispersive atom-surface interactionswith potential application in quantum sensing interferometry. The completeestablishment of this technique would require a detailed peak analysis, whichhas yet to be achieved. We examined peak-width fluctuations in atomic andmolecular beams diffracted by a grating under grazing incidence conditions.Careful measurements and analyses of the diffraction patterns of He atoms andD$_2$ molecules from three square-wave gratings with different periods andradii of curvature enabled the identification of factors influencing thevariations in the width as a function of the grazing incidence angle. Theeffects of macroscopic surface curvature, grating magnification, and beamemergence are substantial under these conditions but negligible for incidenceangles close to the normal. Our results shed light on the phenomena occurringin grazing incidence thermal energy atom scattering.

Comprehensive peak-width analysis in matter-wave diffraction under grazing incidence conditions