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A two-dimensional planar crystal of ions stored in a Penning trap offers anattractive platform for quantum sensing and simulation protocols using hundredsof ions. However, recent work indicates that poorly cooled in-plane motionleads to significant excess potential energy fluctuations in the crystal, whichcan adversely impact the fidelity of these protocols. Here, we propose a highlyfeasible technique with no experimental overhead to significantly improve theplanar laser cooling. Through simulations, we demonstrate a resonant modecoupling technique that can enable cooling of the planar motion to atemperature of around 1 mK in less than 10 ms. This is in contrast to typicalexperimental conditions, where our simulations of the laser cooling dynamicssuggest that the ion crystal's planar motion cools on a timescale of severalhundreds of milliseconds, a rate likely slower than experimental heating rates.This work sets the stage for sub-Doppler laser cooling of the planar motion andmore robust quantum science experiments with two-dimensional crystals inPenning traps.

Rapid cooling of the in-plane motion of two-dimensional ion crystals in a Penning trap to millikelvin temperatures