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This work characterizes a phenomenon in direct laser written directionalcouplers where the splitting ratio for output light is dependent on the inputpolarization state. In general, for laser written waveguides, differentcoupling strengths exist for different polarization states of the input light.If the linear polarization state of the input light is not aligned with one ofthe symmetry axes of the system, an additional amplitude beating is imposed onthe transfer of light in directional couplers of different interaction length.We present results for in-plane and out of plane directional couplers, whichare supported by theoretical analysis. These new results provide insights forunderstanding and controlling polarization properties of directional couplersand larger photonic circuits.

Polarization based modulation of splitting ratio in femtosecond laser direct written directional couplers