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We determine the location of the critical point where the first-orderdeconfining transition in the heavy-quark region turns into a crossover infinite-temperature and density lattice QCD with 2+1 flavors of Wilson quarks.Combining a hopping parameter expansion (HPE) of the quark determinant with areweighting method, we evaluate the chemical potential dependence of thecritical point. By systematically calculating the coefficients of the hoppingparameter expansion up to a high order of HPE at finite chemical potential, wefind that the higher order terms are strongly correlated with the Polyakovloop, which is the leading-order term, on each configuration. Moreover, theircomplex phases themselves, which are important at finite density, are alsofound to be strongly correlated with the complex phase of the Polyakov loop.Using this property, we develop a method for estimating the critical pointincorporating high-order terms from calculations with only low-order terms. Wereport that the first-order phase transition region in the heavy-quark regionbecomes narrower exponentially with increasing the chemical potential. Sincethe hopping parameter of the critical point decreases exponentially as thedensity increases, the sign problem does not become serious even when thedensity increases, and critical points can be evaluated up to high densities.

Chemical potential dependence of the endpoint of first-order phase transition in heavy-quark region of finite-temperature lattice QCD