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Readout errors contribute significantly to the overall noise affectingpresent-day quantum computers. However, the complete characterization ofgeneric readout noise is infeasible for devices consisting of a large number ofqubits. Here we introduce an appropriately tailored quantum detector tomographyprotocol, the so called Quantum Detector Overlapping Tomography, which enablesefficient characterization of $k-$local cross-talk effects in the readout noiseas the sample complexity of the protocol scales logarithmically with the totalnumber of qubits. We show that QDOT data provides information about suitablydefined reduced POVM operators, correlations and coherences in the readoutnoise, as well as allows to reconstruct the correlated clusters and neighboursreadout noise model. Benchmarks are introduced to verify utility and accuracyof the reconstructed model. We apply our method to investigate cross-talkeffects on 79 qubit Rigetti and 127 qubit IBM devices. We discuss their readoutnoise characteristics, and demonstrate effectiveness of our approach by showingsuperior performance of correlated clusters and neighbours over models withoutcross-talk in model-based readout error mitigation applied to energy estimationof MAX-2-SAT Hamiltonians, with the improvement on the order of 20% for bothdevices.

Efficient reconstruction, benchmarking and validation of cross-talk models in readout noise in near-term quantum devices