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We explore the advantages of a free-form dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS)platform based on time-programmable frequency combs for real-time, penalty-freeapodized scanning. In traditional DCS, the fundamental spectral resolution,which equals the comb repetition rate, can be excessively fine for manyapplications. While the fine resolution is not itself problematic, it comeswith the penalty of excess acquisition time. Post-processing apodization(windowing) can be applied to tailor the resolution to the sample, but onlywith a deadtime penalty proportional to the degree of apodization. The excessacquisition time remains. With free-form DCS, this deadtime is avoided byprogramming a real-time apodization pattern that dynamically reverses the pulseperiods between the dual frequency combs. In this way, one can tailor thespectrometer's resolution and update rate to different applications withoutpenalty. We show operation of a free-form DCS system where the spectralresolution is varied from the intrinsic fine resolution of 160 MHz up to 822GHz by applying tailored real-time apodization. Because there is no deadtimepenalty, the spectral signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with resolutionby 5000x over this range, as opposed to the square root increase observed forpostprocessing apodization in traditional DCS. We explore the flexibility tochange resolution and update rate to perform hyperspectral imaging at slowcamera frame rates, where the penalty-free apodization allows for optimal useof each frame. We obtain dual-comb hyperspectral movies at a 20 Hz spectrumupdate rate with broad optical spectral coverage of over 10 THz.

Broadband dual-comb hyperspectral imaging and adaptable spectroscopy with programmable frequency combs