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Quantum networks can enable various applications such as distributed quantumcomputing, long-distance quantum communication, and network-based quantumsensing with unprecedented performances. One of the most important buildingblocks for a quantum network is a photonic quantum memory which serves as theinterface between the communication channel and the local functional unit. Aprogrammable quantum memory which can process a large stream of flying qubitsand fulfill the requirements of multiple core functions in a quantum network isstill to-be-realized. Here we report a high-performance quantum memory whichcan simultaneously store 72 optical qubits carried by 144 spatially separatedatomic ensembles and support up to a thousand consecutive write or readoperations in a random access way, two orders of magnitude larger than theprevious record. Due to the built-in programmability, this quantum memory canbe adapted on-demand for several functions. As example applications, we realizequantum queue, stack, and buffer which closely resemble the counterpart devicesfor classical information processing. We further demonstrate thesynchronization and reshuffle of 4 entangled pairs of photonic pulses withprobabilistic arrival time and arbitrary release order via the memory, which isan essential requirement for the realization of quantum repeaters and efficientrouting in quantum networks. Realization of this multi-purpose programmablequantum memory thus constitutes a key enabling building block for futurelarge-scale fully-functional quantum networks.

Realization of a programmable multi-purpose photonic quantum memory with over-thousand qubit manipulations