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Non-Hermitian physics has attracted considerable attention in the recentyears, in particular the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) for its extremesensitivity and non-locality. While the NHSE has been physically observed invarious classical metamaterials and even ultracold atomic arrays, itshighly-nontrivial implications in many-body dynamics have never beenexperimentally investigated. In this work, we report the first observation ofthe NHSE on a universal quantum processor, as well as its characteristic butelusive Fermi skin from many-fermion statistics. To implement NHSE dynamics ona quantum computer, the effective time-evolution circuit not only needs to benon-reciprocal and non-unitary, but must also be scaled up to a sufficientnumber of lattice qubits to achieve spatial non-locality. We show how such anon-unitary operation can be systematically realized by post-selecting multipleancilla qubits, as demonstrated through two paradigmatic non-reciprocal modelson a noisy IBM quantum processor, with clear signatures of asymmetric spatialpropagation and many-body Fermi skin accumulation. To minimize errors frominevitable device noise, time evolution is performed using a trainableoptimized quantum circuit produced with variational quantum algorithms. Ourstudy represents a critical milestone in the quantum simulation ofnon-Hermitian lattice phenomena on present-day quantum computers, and can bereadily generalized to more sophisticated many-body models with the remarkableprogrammability of quantum computers.

Observation of the non-Hermitian skin effect and Fermi skin on a digital quantum computer