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We perform an adjoint waveform tomography using Rayleigh wave EmpiricalGreen's Functions (EGFs) at 10-50 s periods to improve a prior 3-D velocitymodel of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Iranian Plateau. EGFs werederived from cross-correlations of ~8 years of continuous vertical componentseismic noise recorded by 119 broadband stations within the region. Adjointtomography refines the initial model by iteratively minimizing thefrequency-dependent travel-time misfits between the synthetic Green's Functions(SGFs) and EGFs measured in different period bands. The total misfit is droppedby ~75 percent after 6 iterations. Overall, the adjoint tomography providesimages with more realistic and improved resolutions and amplitudes due to theinclusion of finite-frequency waveforms. The use of a numericalspectral-element solver in adjoint tomography provides highly precisestructural sensitivity kernels, resulting in more robust images compared tothose generated by ray-theory tomography. Our study also demonstratesimprovement in lateral resolution and depth sensitivity. The final modeladjusts the shapes of velocity anomalies at crustal and uppermost mantle depthsespecially in the Zagros convergence zone. These improvements include ahigh-resolution image of delamination of the subducting Arabian lithospherefrom Zagros lower crust beneath the central and NW Zagros. The refine,high-resolution images also better show the geometry of low-velocity anomalies,which represent diachronous underthrusting of Arabian crust beneath centralIran.

An improved high-resolution shear velocity model beneath the Iranian plateau using adjoint noise tomography