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The flow near a moving contact line depends on the dynamic contact angle,viscosity ratio, and capillary number. We report experiments involvingimmersing a plate into a liquid bath, concurrently measuring the interfaceshape, interfacial velocity, and fluid flow using digital image processing andparticle image velocimetry. All experiments were performed at low plate speedsto maintain small Reynolds and capillary numbers for comparison with viscoustheories. The dynamic contact angle, measured in the viscous phase, was keptbelow $90^{\circ}$, an unexplored region of parameter space. An important aimof the present study is to provide valuable experimental data using which newcontact line models can be developed and validated. Interface shapes revealthat the strong viscous bending predicted by theoretical models is absent inthe experimental data. The flow field is directly compared against theprediction from the viscous theory of \cite{huh1971hydrodynamic} but with aslight modification involving the curved interface. Remarkable agreement isfound between experiments and theory across a wide parameter range. Theprediction for interfacial speed from \cite{huh1971hydrodynamic} is also inexcellent agreement with experiments except in the vicinity of the contactline. Material points along the interface were found to rapidly slow down nearthe contact line, thus alleviating the singularity at the moving contact line.To the best of our knowledge, such a detailed test of theoretical models hasnot been performed before and we hope the present study will spur new modelingefforts in the field.

An experimental study of flow near an advancing contact line: a rigorous test of theoretical models