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In nonminimally coupled theories where a scalar field is coupled to the Ricciscalar, neutron stars (NSs) can have scalar charges through an interaction withmatter mediated by gravity. On the other hand, the same theories do not giverise to hairy black hole (BH) solutions. The observations of gravitationalwaves (GWs) emitted from an inspiralling NS-BH binary system allows apossibility of constraining the NS scalar change. Moreover, the nonminimallycoupled scalar-tensor theories generate a breathing scalar mode besides twotensor polarizations. Using the GW200115 data of the coalescence of a BH-NSbinary, we place observational constraints on the NS scalar charge as well asthe nonminimal coupling strength for a subclass of massless Horndeski theorieswith a luminal GW propagation. Unlike past related works, we exploit a waveformfor a mixture of tensor and scalar polarizations. Taking the breathing modeinto account, the scalar charge is more tightly constrained in comparison tothe analysis of the tensor GWs alone. In nonminimally coupled theoriesincluding Brans-Dicke gravity and spontaneous scalarization scenarioswith/without a kinetic screening, we put new bounds on model parameters of eachtheory.

Gravitational-wave constraints on scalar-tensor gravity from a neutron star and black-hole binary GW200115