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The theory of superfluid dark matter is characterized by self-interactingsub-eV particles that thermalize and condense to form a superfluid core ingalaxies. Massive black holes at the center of galaxies, however, modify thedark matter distribution and result in a density enhancement in their vicinityknown as dark matter spikes. The presence of these spikes affects the evolutionof binary systems by modifying their gravitational wave emission and inducingdynamical friction effects on the orbiting bodies. In this work, we assess therole of dynamical friction for bodies moving through a superfluid core enhancedby a central massive black hole. As a first step, we compute the dynamicalfriction force experienced by bodies moving in a circular orbit. Then, weestimate the gravitational wave dephasing of the binary, showing that theeffect of the superfluid drag force is beyond the reach of space-basedexperiments like LISA, contrarily to collisionless dark matter, thereforeproviding an opportunity to distinguish these dark matter models.

Dynamical friction in dark matter superfluids: The evolution of black hole binaries