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Pairs of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are observational flags ofmerger-driven SMBH growth, and represent an observable link between galaxymergers and gravitational wave (GW) events. Thus, studying these systems acrosstheir various evolutionary phases can help quantify the role mergers play inthe growth of SMBHs as well as future GW signals expected to be detected bypulsar timing arrays (PTAs). At the earliest stage, the system can beclassified as a "dual AGN" where the SMBHs are gravitationally unbound and havetypical separations <30 kpc, and at the latest stage the system can beclassified as a "binary AGN" where the two massive host galaxies have likelybeen interacting for hundreds of megayears to gigayears. However, detecting andconfirming pairs of AGN is non-trivial, and is complicated by the uniquecharacteristics of merger-environments. To date, there are less than 50 X-rayconfirmed dual AGN and only 1 strong binary AGN candidate. AXIS willrevolutionize the field of dual AGN: the point-spread-function (PSF),field-of-view (FOV), and effective area (Aeff) are expected to result in thedetection of hundreds to thousands of new dual AGN across the redshift range 0< z < 4. The AXIS AGN surveys will result in the first X-ray study thatquantifies the frequency of dual AGN as a function of redshift up to z = 3.5.

Tracking SMBH mergers from kpc to sub-pc scales with AXIS