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Unveiling the nature of progenitors is crucial for understanding the originand the mechanism of core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae (SNe). Whileseveral methods have been developed to derive stellar properties so far, manyquestions remain poorly understood. In this paper we demonstrate anobservational approach to constrain progenitors of supernova remnants (SNRs)using abundances of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) in shock-heatedcircumstellar material (CSM). Our calculations with stellar evolution codesindicate that a total amount of these CNO elements will provide a moresensitive determination of the progenitor masses than the conventional methodbased on ejecta abundances. If the CNO lines (particularly those of C and N)are detected and measured their abundance ratios accurately, they can providerelatively robust constraint on the progenitor mass (and in some cases therotation velocity) of SNRs. Since our method requires a better energyresolution and larger effective area in the soft X-ray band ($<1$~keV), XRISMlaunched on September 7, 2023 and next-generation microcalorimeter missionssuch as Athena, Lynx, LEM, and HUBS will bring a new insight into link betweenthe progenitors and their remnants.

Progenitor constraint using line ratios of the CNO elements in supernova remnants