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The electromagnetic eigenmodes of the Fermilab Recycler RF cavities weresimulated with ACE3P running on NERSC's 'Perlmutter' supercomputer in anattempt to optimize their tuning range to comfortably support slip-stacking. Atheory, based on coupled circuits and avoided crossings, was developed toexplain the origins of the tuning range for tuner-cavity waveguide systems.This provided a logical, rigorous method to carry out this optimization,although engineering problems due to high voltages in the tuner and theoperational $\mu$ range of the garnet had to be carefully implemented. It wasshown that the desired goal of 10kHz of tuning was not attainable with thecurrent cavity specifications. The maximum tuning range obtained was 5.59kHzfor a single tuner with a coaxial line of length 63in. A double tuner cavitywas also studied using the simulation software, although with littleimprovement in the tuning range. A promising technique to improve the tuningrange involving the desynchronization of the garnets' magnetic permeabilitiesis proposed.

Optimizing the tuning range of the Fermilab Recycler 53MHz RF cavities by exploiting the avoided crossing of the tuner and cavity modes