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The current body of research on terahertz (THz) wireless communicationspredominantly focuses on its application for single-user backhaul/fronthaulconnectivity at sub-THz frequencies. First, we develop a generalizedstatistical model for signal propagation at THz frequencies encompassingphysical layer impairments, including random path-loss with Gamma distributionfor the molecular absorption coefficient, short-term fading characterized bythe $\alpha$-$\eta$-$\kappa$-$\mu$ distribution, antenna misalignment errors,and transceiver hardware impairments. Next, we propose random access protocolsfor a cell-free wireless network, ensuring successful transmission for multipleusers with limited delay and energy loss, exploiting the combined effect ofrandom atmospheric absorption, non-linearity of fading, hardware impairments,and antenna misalignment errors. We consider two schemes: a fixed transmissionprobability (FTP) scheme where the transmission probability (TP) of each useris updated at the beginning of the data transmission and an adaptivetransmission probability (ATP) scheme where the TP is updated with eachsuccessful reception of the data. We analyze the performance of both protocolsusing delay, energy consumption, and outage probability with scaling laws forthe transmission of a data frame consisting of a single packet from users at apredefined quality of service (QoS).

Random Access Protocols for Cell-Free Wireless Network Exploiting Statistical Behavior of THz Signal Propagation