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Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a practical approach to secure computationover encrypted data. However, writing programs with efficient HEimplementations remains the purview of experts. A difficult barrier forprogrammability is that efficiency requires operations to be vectorized ininobvious ways, forcing efficient HE programs to manipulate ciphertexts withcomplex data layouts and to interleave computations with data movementprimitives.  We present Viaduct-HE, a compiler generates efficient vectorized HE programs.Viaduct-HE can generate both the operations and complex data layouts requiredfor efficient HE programs. The source language of Viaduct-HE is array-oriented,enabling the compiler to have a simple representation of possible vectorizationschedules. With such a representation, the compiler searches the space ofpossible vectorization schedules and finds those with efficient data layouts.After finding a vectorization schedule, Viaduct-HE further optimizes HEprograms through term rewriting. The compiler has extension points to customizethe exploration of vectorization schedules, to customize the cost model for HEprograms, and to add back ends for new HE libraries.  Our evaluation of the prototype Viaduct-HE compiler shows that it producesefficient vectorized HE programs with sophisticated data layouts andoptimizations comparable to those designed by experts.

A Compiler from Array Programs to Vectorized Homomorphic Encryption