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With infrastructure systems lasting for decades, even centuries, there isgrowing need to assess sustainability impacts. However, compared to energy ortransportation networks (which each contribute roughly one third of globalemissions), broadband networks have arguably received less attention due totheir much smaller footprint (~1.8-3.9% of global emissions). Nevertheless,many countries are looking to provide universal mobile broadband over the nextdecade to meet Goal 9 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Therefore,this paper evaluates the future sustainability impacts of providing either 4Gor 5G mobile broadband, quantifying the carbon and other environmentalemissions associated with each universal broadband strategy. This papercontributes the first ex ante sustainability assessment of global universalmobile broadband strategies aimed at delivering SDG Goal 9.

Sustainability assessment of 4G and 5G universal mobile broadband strategies