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A model of a lithium-ion battery containing a cosolvent electrolyte isdeveloped and implemented within the open-source PyBaMM platform. Lithium-ionelectrolytes are essential to battery operation and normally contain at leasttwo solvents to satisfy performance requirements. The widely usedDoyle-Fuller-Newman battery model assumes that the electrolyte comprises a saltdissolved in a single effective solvent, however. This single-solventapproximation has been disproved experimentally and may hinder accurate batterymodelling. Here, we present a two-solvent model that resolves the transport ofethylene carbonate (EC) and lithium salt in a background linear carbonate. ECconcentration polarization opposes that of Li+ during cycling, affecting localelectrolyte properties and cell-level overpotentials. Concentration gradientsof Li+ can be affected by cross-diffusion, whereby EC gradients enhance orimpede salt flux. A rationally parametrized model that includes EC transportpredicts 6% more power loss at 4.5C discharge and ~0.32% more capacity lossafter a thousand 1C cycles than its single-solvent equivalent. This workprovides a tool to model more transport behaviour in the electrolyte that mayaffect degradation and enables the transfer of microscopic knowledge aboutsolvation structure-dependent performance to the macroscale.

Lithium-ion battery performance model including solvent segregation effects