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The emergence of virtual avatars provides innovative opportunities for remoteconferencing, education, and more. Our study investigates how the realism ofavatars, used by native English speakers, impacts the anxiety levels of Englishas a Second Language (ESL) speakers during interactions. ESL participantsengaged in conversations with native English speakers represented throughcartoonish avatars, realistic-like avatars, or actual video streams. Wemeasured both the ESL speakers' self-reported anxiety and their physiologicalindicators of anxiety. Our findings show that interactions with native speakersusing cartoonish avatars or direct video lead to reduced anxiety levels amongESL participants. However, interactions with avatars that closely resemblehumans heightened these anxieties. These insights are critically important forthe design and application of virtual avatars, especially in addressingcross-cultural communication barriers and enhancing user experience.

Exploring and Analyzing the Effect of Avatar's Realism on Anxiety of English as Second Language (ESL) Speakers