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Embedded software is used in safety-critical systems such as medical devicesand autonomous vehicles, where software defects, including securityvulnerabilities, have severe consequences. Most embedded codebases aredeveloped in unsafe languages, specifically C/C++, and are riddled with memorysafety vulnerabilities. To prevent such vulnerabilities, RUST, a performantmemory-safe systems language, provides an optimal choice for developingembedded software. RUST interoperability enables developing RUST applicationson top of existing C codebases. Despite this, even the most resourcefulorganizations continue to develop embedded software in C/C++. This paperperforms the first systematic study to holistically understand the currentstate and challenges of using RUST for embedded systems. Our study is organizedacross three research questions. We collected a dataset of 2,836 RUST embeddedsoftware spanning various categories and 5 Static Application Security Testing( SAST) tools. We performed a systematic analysis of our dataset and surveyswith 225 developers to investigate our research questions. We found thatexisting RUST software support is inadequate, SAST tools cannot handle certainfeatures of RUST embedded software, resulting in failures, and the prevalenceof advanced types in existing RUST software makes it challenging to engineerinteroperable code. In addition, we found various challenges faced bydevelopers in using RUST for embedded systems development.

Rust for Embedded Systems: Current State, Challenges and Open Problems (Extended Report)