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This article examines medieval concepts of paternity and father-sonrelationships through the digital analysis of medieval textual corpora.Although historians have access to enormous digital collections in 2023, theyhave rarely fully exploited these resources. The author proposes a historicalsemantic approach to this theme, using modeling tools and text mining ingeneral, to analyze the evolution of terms related to paternity. The studyproposes three conclusions: 1. a semantic break occurred in the semantic fieldof paternity at the turn of Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. The meaning ofpater and its derivatives changed radically over the course of the 4th-6thcenturies, particularly as a result of the influence of the dogma of theChristian Trinity. Medieval fatherhood was multidimensional, encompassing bothbiological and spiritual aspects, in other words, complex relationships betweenmultiple carnal and spiritual (i.e. divine) fathers. 2. The role of spiritualkinship is crucial to understanding medieval fatherhood, as the work of AnitaGuerreau-Jalabert and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Baschet has already shown. Initiallyattributed to God, this ''ideal paternity'' (paternitas) gradually extended tomembers of the Church (popes, bishops, abbots), underlining at the same timethe growing importance of spiritual kinship over biological kinship over thecenturies studied. 3. To reveal these structures, invisible to the naked eye,an interdisciplinary approach is rigorously required. Complementaryinvestigations into the lemmas mater, filia, frater and other family terms arerequired. The use of digital tools and historical semantic analysis opens upnew perspectives for researchers in history, anthropology, linguistics and datamining, enabling them to explore the representation systems of ancientsocieties in depth and with nuance.

In nomine patris... Elements for a semantics of medieval paternity