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The blockchain brought interesting properties for many practicalapplications. However, some properties, such as the transaction processingthroughput remained limited, especially in Proof-of-Work blockchains.Therefore, several promising directions, such as sharding designs and DAG-basedprotocols emerged. In this paper, we focus on DAG-based consensus protocols andpresent a discrete-event simulator for them. Our simulator can simulaterealistic blockchain networks created from data of a Bitcoin network, while itsnetwork configuration and topology can be customized. The simulated networkconsists of honest and malicious miners. Malicious miners do not make anyattack on consensus itself. Instead, they use a different transaction selectionstrategy than honest miners (who select transactions randomly) with theintention to earn unfairly more profits than honest miners at the cost ofdowngrading the protocol performance by duplicate transactions. As aconsequence, this harms the performance of some DAG-based protocols (e.g.,PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG) in terms of transaction processing throughput, which wedemonstrate in our experiments and extend the results of the related work thatcontains a small-scale network of 10 nodes by the results obtained on alarge-scale network with 7000 nodes. Next, we empirically compare differentalgorithms for the mempool structure, and we propose a composite mempoolstructure that is memory-efficient and thus convenient for simulations ofresource-demanding large-scale networks.

DAG-Sword: A Simulator of Large-Scale Network Topologies for DAG-Oriented Proof-of-Work Blockchains