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Understanding crop diversity is crucial for resilience in farming, ecosystemservices, and effective agro-environmental policies. We utilize a novel EU-widesatellite product (2018, 10 m resolution) to assess crop diversity acrossdifferent scales. We define local crop diversity ($\alpha$-diversity) at 1 kmscale, which in the EU is proportional to the area covered by large farms orclusters of small-to-medium sized farms. We also compute $\gamma$-diversity,covering landscape, regional, and national levels crop diversity.$\beta$-diversity ($\gamma$/$\alpha$) provides a measure of betweenagroecosystems diversity. National $\alpha$, $\gamma$, and $\beta$ diversityvaries greatly ($\alpha$: 2.1-3.9, $\gamma$: 3.5-7.5, $\beta$: 1.22-2.27).EU-wide $\gamma$-diversity increases logarithmically with spatial aggregation(1 km: 2.85, 100 km: 4.27). We categorize EU Member States (MS) into fourgroups for crop diversification policy recommendations. Compared to the USA,the EU exhibits higher diversity related to differences in farm structure andpractices. High local $\alpha$-diversity is only found for MS with small farms(<25 ha), but their presence doesn't always guarantee high local diversity.This study aids CAP implementation in the EU, with potential for annualcontinental Copernicus crop type maps and ecosystem co-variates exploration fora deeper understanding of agro-ecosystem services.

Assessing crop diversity across scales using high-resolution remote sensing over the European Union: first insights for agro-environmental policies