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We introduce a novel approach for testing static typing implementations basedon the concept of API-driven program synthesis. The idea is to synthesizetype-intensive but small and well-typed programs by leveraging and combiningapplication programming interfaces (APIs) derived from existing softwarelibraries. Our primary insight is backed up by real-world evidence: asignificant number of compiler typing bugs are caused by small test cases thatemploy APIs from the standard library of the language under test. This isattributed to the inherent complexity of the majority of these APIs, whichoften exercise a wide range of sophisticated type-related features. The maincontribution of our approach is the ability to produce small client programswith increased feature coverage, without bearing the burden of generating thecorresponding well-formed API definitions from scratch. To validate diverseaspects of static typing procedures (i.e., soundness, precision of typeinference), we also enrich our API-driven approach with fault-injection andsemantics-preserving modes, along with their corresponding test oracles.  We evaluate our implemented tool, Thalia on testing the static typingimplementations of the compilers for three popular languages, namely, Scala,Kotlin, and Groovy. Thalia has uncovered 84 typing bugs (77 confirmed and 22fixed), most of which are triggered by test cases featuring APIs that rely onparametric polymorphism, overloading, and higher-order functions. Ourcomparison with state-of-the-art shows that Thalia yields test programs withdistinct characteristics, offering additional and complementary benefits.

Extended Paper: API-driven Program Synthesis for Testing Static Typing Implementations