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The digital divide is the gap among population sub-groups in accessing and/orusing digital technologies. For instance, older people show a lower propensityto have a broadband connection, use the Internet, and adopt new technologiesthan the younger ones. Motivated by the analysis of the heterogeneity in theuse of digital technologies, we build a bipartite network concerning thepresence of various digital skills in individuals from three different Europeancountries: Finland, Italy, and Bulgaria. Bipartite networks provide a usefulstructure for representing relationships between two disjoint sets of nodes,formally called sending and receiving nodes. The goal is to perform aclustering of individuals (sending nodes) based on their digital skills(receiving nodes) for each country. In this regard, we employ a Mixture ofLatent Trait Analyzers (MLTA) accounting for concomitant variables, whichallows us to (i) cluster individuals according to their individual profile;(ii) analyze how socio-economic and demographic characteristics, as well asintergenerational ties, influence individual digitalization. Results show thatthe type of digitalization substantially depends on age, income and level ofeducation, while the presence of children in the household seems to play animportant role in the digitalization process in Italy and Finland only.

A finite mixture approach for the analysis of digital skills in Finland, Italy and Bulgaria: the role of socio-economic factors