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Spatial agent-based models are increasingly used to investigate the evolutionof solid tumours subject to localised cell-cell interactions andmicroenvironmental heterogeneity. Here we present a non-technical step by stepguide to developing such a model from first principles, aimed at both aspiringmodellers and other biologists and oncologists who wish to understand theassumptions and limitations of this approach. Stressing the importance oftailoring the model structure to that of the biological system, we describemethods of increasing complexity, from the basic Eden growth model up tooff-lattice simulations with diffusible factors. We examine choices thatunavoidably arise in model design, such as implementation, parameterisation,visualisation, and reproducibility. Each topic is illustrated with examplesdrawn from recent research studies and state of the art modelling platforms. Weemphasise the benefits of simpler models that aim to match the complexity ofthe phenomena of interest, rather than that of the entire biological system.

A seven-step guide to spatial, agent-based modelling of tumour evolution