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The dynamics of magnetic flux quanta (Abrikosov vortices) determine theresistive response of superconductors. In pinning-free planar thin films, thepenetration and motion of vortices are controlled by edge defects, leading tosuch arrangements as vortex chains, vortex jets, and phase-slip regimes. Here,relying upon the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, we predict that thesevortex patterns should appear in superconductor open nanotubes even withoutedge defects, due to the inhomogeneity of the normal magnetic inductioncomponent $B_\mathrm{n}$, caused by the 3D tube geometry. The crossing of thehalf-tubes by dc-driven vortices induces GHz-frequency voltage $U$ oscillationswith spectra $U_\mathrm{f}(B)$ evolving between $nf_1$ and $\frac{n}{m}f_1$[$f_1$: vortex nucleation frequency; $n,m\geq 2$] and blurred in certain rangesof currents and fields. An $nf_1$-spectrum corresponds to a single vortex-chainregime typical for low $B$ and for tubes of small radii. At higher fields, an$\frac{n}{m}f_1$-spectrum points to the presence of $m$ vortex chains in thevortex jets which, in contrast to planar thin films, are not diverging becauseof constraint to the tube areas where $B_\mathrm{n}$ is close to maximum. Ablurry spectrum implies complex arrangements of vortices because ofmultifurcations of their trajectories. Finally, due to a stronger confinementof single vortex chains in tubes of small radii, we reveal peaks in $dU/dB$ andjumps in the frequency of microwave generation, which occur when the number offluxons moving in the half-tubes increases by one. In all, our findings areessential for novel 3D superconductor devices which can operate in few- andmulti-fluxon regimes.

Microwave generation and vortex jets in superconductor nanotubes