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Certain forms of solar wind transients contain significant enhancements ofdynamic pressure and may effectively drive magnetosphere dynamics, includingsubstorms and storms. An integral element of such driving is the generation ofa wide range of electromagnetic waves within the inner magnetosphere, either bycompressionally heated plasma or by substorm plasma sheet injections.Consequently, solar wind transient impacts are traditionally associated withenergetic electron scattering and losses into the atmosphere by electromagneticwaves. In this study, we show the first direct measurements of two suchtransient-driven precipitation events as measured by the low-altitude ElectronLosses and Fields Investigation (ELFIN) CubeSats. The first event demonstratesstorm-time generated electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves efficientlyprecipitating relativistic electrons from >300 keV to 2 MeV at the duskside.The second event demonstrates whistler-mode waves leading to scattering ofelectrons from 50 keV to 700 keV on the dawnside. These observations confirmthe importance of solar wind transients in driving energetic electron lossesand subsequent dynamics in the ionosphere.

Relativistic electron precipitation events driven by solar wind impact on the Earth's magnetosphere