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This paper presents a novel direct-injection modular universal power flow andquality control topology exclusively using lower power components. In additionto conventional high-voltage applications, it is particularly attractive forthe distribution and secondary grids, e.g., in soft open points, down to lowvoltage as it can exploit the latest developments in low-voltage high-currentsemiconductors. In contrast to other concepts that do not interface the gridthrough transformers, it does not need to convert the entire line power butonly the injected or extracted power difference. The proposed power flow andquality (f/q) controller comprises a shunt active front end, together withhigh-frequency links serving as a power supply for a series floating module perphase. Each of the floating modules is in series with one phase of the line,floating with the electric potential of that particular phase, avoiding anyground connection. Omitting bulky and dynamically limited line transformers ofconventional universal power flow controllers, the presented direct-injectionf/q controller enables exceptionally small size and volume, high power density,high frequency content, and fast response. In contrast to direct-injectionconcepts with full back-to-back converters, it only needs to handle a fractionof the power. The circuit combines grid-voltage low-current electronics in theshunt unit and low-voltage high-current modules in the floating seriesinjection units. Simulations and experiments demonstrate and validate theconcept.

A Highly-Compact Direct-Injection Universal Power Flow and Quality Control Circuit