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In this paper we present an extension of Landauer paradigm, conductance istransmission, to the case of macroscopic classical conductors making use of adescription of conductance and resistance based on the application of thefluctuation dissipation (FD) theorem. The main result is summarized in theexpressions below for conductance $G$ and resistance $R$ at thermodynamicequilibrium, with the usual meaning of symbols. $G$ is given in terms of thevariance of total carrier number fluctuations between two ideal transparentcontacts in an open system described by a grand canonical ensemble as  $$ G =\frac{e^2 \overline{v_x'^2} \tau}{L^2 K_BT} \overline{\delta N^2} %=\frac{e^2 \sqrt{\overline{v_x'^2}} \Gamma }{L K_BT} \overline{\delta %N^2} %=\frac{e^2 \overline{N} \Gamma } {Lm\sqrt{\overline{v_x'^2}}} \ \ \ \ $$  By contrast $R$ is given in terms of the variance of carrier drift-velocityfluctuations due to the instantaneous carrier specular reflection at theinternal contact interfaces of a closed system described by a canonicalensemble as  $$ R= \frac{(m L)^2}{e^2 K_BT \tau} \overline{\delta v_d^2} %= \frac{Lm\sqrt{\overline{v_x'^2}}} {e^2 \overline{N} \Gamma } $$  The FD approach gives evidence of the duality property of conductance relatedto transmission and resistance related to reflection. Remarkably, theexpressions above are shown to recover the quantum Landauer paradigm in thelimit of zero temperature for a one-dimensional conductor.

From conductance viewed as transmission to resistance viewed as  reflection. An extension of Landauer quantum paradigm to the classical case  at finite temperature