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The emergence of topological magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals(vdW) magnetic materials promoted 2D heterostructures as key building-blocks ofdevices for information technology based on topological concepts. Here, wedemonstrate the all-electric switching of the topological nature of individualmagnetic objects emerging in 2D vdW heterobillayers. We show from the firstprinciples that an external electric field modifies the vdW gap between CrTe$_2$ and (Rh, Ti)Te$_2$ layers and alters the underlying magnetic interactions.This enables switching between ferromagnetic skyrmions and meron pairs in theCrTe$_2$/RhTe$_2$ heterobilayer while it enhances the stability of frustratedantiferromagnetic merons in the CrTe$_2$/TiTe$_2$ heterobilayer. We envisionthat the electrical engineering of distinct topological magnetic solitons in asingle device could pave the way for novel energy-efficient mechanisms to storeand transmit information with applications in spintronics.

Electrical engineering of topological magnetism in two-dimensional heterobilayers