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Individual differences in mobility (e.g., due to wheelchair use) are oftenignored in the prediction of crowd movement. Consequently, engineering toolscannot fully describe the impact of vulnerable populations on egressperformance. To contribute to closing this gap, we performed laboratoryexperiments with 25 pedestrians with varying mobility profiles. The controlcondition comprised only participants without any additional equipment; in theluggage condition and the wheelchair condition, two participants at the centerof the group either carried suitcases or used a wheelchair. We found thatindividuals using wheelchairs and to a lesser degree those carrying luggageneeded longer to pass through the bottleneck, which also affected those walkingbehind them. This led to slower times to fully clear the bottleneck in thewheelchair and luggage condition compared to the control group. The resultschallenge the status quo in existing approaches to calculating egressperformance and other key performance metrics in crowd dynamics.

Together apart: the influence of increased crowd heterogeneity on crowd dynamics at bottlenecks