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WebAssembly (Wasm) is a binary instruction format designed for secure andefficient execution within sandboxed environments - predominantly web apps andbrowsers - to facilitate performance, security, and flexibility of webprogramming languages. In recent years, Wasm has gained significant attentionfrom academic research community and industrial development projects toengineer high-performance web applications. Despite the offered benefits,developers encounter a multitude of issues rooted in Wasm (e.g., faults,errors, failures) and are often unaware of their root-causes that impact thedevelopment of web applications. Wasm developers require knowledge, documentedas empirically rooted guidelines, patterns, documents etc., that help them tounderstand, analyse, and resolve the issues that currently lacks in existingresearch and practice. To this end, we conducted an empirical study that minesand documents practitioners' knowledge expressed as 385 issues from 12open-source Wasm projects deployed on GitHub and 354 question-answer posts viaStack Overflow. Our study led to the first-of-its-kind taxonomies of issuesfaced by developers and their underlying causes in Wasm-based applications.Issues faced by developers arise from 'Infrastructure, Integration andCompatibility Aspects' (28.16%), 'Language Features and Documentation Errors'(18.00%), along with 'Code Implementation and Build failures' (13.83%). Theresults indicate that 'Syntactic and Semantic Errors' (25.77%), 'Configurationand Compatibility Constraints' (20.1%), and 'Operational Limitations' (12.98%)are the principal causes of these issues. The study provides a taxonomicalclassification of issues and their causes, offering empirically derivedguidelines, that can inform researchers and developers to systematicallydesign, develop, and refactor Wasm-based applications.

Understanding the Issues and Causes in WebAssembly Application Development: A Mining-based Study