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Sessile drop vertical vibrations and atomization is commonly analyzed bysimpler unconstrained instabilities like Faraday waves and hence, detailedstudies of the phenomenon are still an open question to the fluid dynamicscommunity. We address two critical gaps using direct numerical simulation,i.e., (i) the cause of subharmonic response of azimuthal waves, and (ii) thedependence of vertical vibrations to the universal pinchoff regime in theatomization. First, a high mode excitation of a large drop of 100 microlitersis implemented. It is found that the subharmonic response is not via Faradaywaves, rather it is the harmonics of the interfacial waves that induceazimuthal waves near the contact line. An analogous self-inducing dynamicalsystem is formalized between the tip and near the contact line to elucidate themechanism. Second, a low mode excitation of small drop of 30 microliter is usedto critically explain the cause of primary pinch-off via crater formation andsecondary pinch-off via ligament retraction. The pinch-off test in both casesrevealed that the primary pinch-off is in visco-capillary scaling regime, whilethe secondary pinch-off is affected by the inertial forces via oscillatory bodyforces of vibration.

Direct Numerical Simulation for Parametric Vertical Vibration and Atomization of Sessile Drops