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The physics of impurities in a bosonic quantum environment is a paradigmaticand challenging many-body problem that remains to be understood in its fullcomplexity. Here, this problem is investigated for impurities with strongrepulsive interactions based on Ramsey interferometry in a quantum degenerategas of 39K atoms. We observe an oscillatory signal that is consistent with aquantum beat between two co-existing coherent quasiparticle states: theattractive and repulsive polarons. The interferometric signal allows us toextract the polaron energies for a wide range of interaction strengths,complimenting earlier spectroscopic measurements. We furthermore identifyseveral dynamical regimes towards the formation of the Bose polaron in goodagreement with theory. Our results improve the understanding of quantumimpurities interacting strongly with a bosonic environment, and demonstrate howquasiparticles as well as short-lived non-equilibrium many-body states can beprobed using Ramsey interferometry.

Quantum beat spectroscopy of repulsive Bose polarons