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Leveraging non-terrestrial platforms in 6G networks holds immensesignificance as it opens up opportunities to expand network coverage, enhanceconnectivity, and support a wide range of innovative applications, includingglobal-scale Internet of Things and ultra-high-definition content delivery. Toaccomplish the seamless integration between terrestrial and non-terrestrialnetworks, substantial changes in radio access network (RAN) architecture arerequired. These changes involve the development of new RAN solutions that canefficiently manage the diverse characteristics of both terrestrial andnon-terrestrial components, ensuring smooth handovers, resource allocation, andquality of service across the integrated network ecosystem. Additionally, theestablishment of robust interconnection and communication protocols betweenterrestrial and non-terrestrial elements will be pivotal to utilize the fullpotential of 6G technology. Additionally, innovative approaches have beenintroduced to split the functionalities within the RAN into centralized anddistributed domains. These novel paradigms are designed to enhance RAN'sflexibility while simultaneously lowering the costs associated withinfrastructure deployment, all while ensuring that the quality of service forend-users remains unaffected. In this work, we provide an extensive examinationof various Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) architectures and the necessaryadaptations required on the existing 5G RAN architecture to align with thedistinct attributes of NTN. Of particular significance, we emphasize thecrucial RAN functional split choices essential for the seamless integration ofterrestrial and non-terrestrial components within advanced 6G networks.

RAN Functional Split Options for Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial 6G Networks