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Academic writing is an indispensable yet laborious part of the researchenterprise. This Perspective maps out principles and methods for usinggenerative artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models(LLMs), to elevate the quality and efficiency of academic writing. We introducea human-AI collaborative framework that delineates the rationale (why), process(how), and nature (what) of AI engagement in writing. The framework pinpointsboth short-term and long-term reasons for engagement and their underlyingmechanisms (e.g., cognitive offloading and imaginative stimulation). It revealsthe role of AI throughout the writing process, conceptualized through atwo-stage model for human-AI collaborative writing, and the nature of AIassistance in writing, represented through a model of writing-assistance typesand levels. Building on this framework, we describe effective promptingtechniques for incorporating AI into the writing routine (outlining, drafting,and editing) as well as strategies for maintaining rigorous scholarship,adhering to varied journal policies, and avoiding overreliance on AI.Ultimately, the prudent integration of AI into academic writing can ease thecommunication burden, empower authors, accelerate discovery, and promotediversity in science.

Supercharging academic writing with generative AI: framework, techniques, and caveats