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Loudspeaker rendering techniques that create phantom sound sources oftenassume an equidistant loudspeaker layout. Typical home setups might not fulfillthis condition as loudspeakers deviate from canonical positions, thus requiringa corresponding calibration. The standard approach is to compensate for delaysand to match the loudness of each loudspeaker at the listener's location. Itwas found that a shift of the phantom image occurs when this calibrationprocedure is applied and one of a pair of loudspeakers is significantly closerto the listener than the other. In this paper, a novel approach to panning onnon-equidistant loudspeaker layouts is presented whereby the panning positionis governed by the direct sound and the perceived loudness is governed by thefull impulse response. Subjective listening tests are presented that validatethe approach and quantify the perceived effect of the compensation. In a setupwhere the standard calibration leads to an average error of 10 degrees, theproposed direct sound compensation largely returns the phantom source to itsintended position.

Improved Panning on Non-Equidistant Loudspeakers with Direct Sound Level Compensation