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Amongst the various fascinating types of material behavior featured bymagnetic gels and elastomers are magnetostrictive effects. That is,deformations in shape or changes in volume are induced from outside by externalmagnetic fields. Application of the materials as soft actuators is thereforeconceivable. Mostly, straight contraction or extension of the materials along acertain direction is discussed and investigated in this context. Here, wedemonstrate that various further, different, higher modes of deformation can beexcited. To this end, different spatial arrangements of the magnetizableparticles enclosed by the soft elastic matrix, which constitute the materials,need to be controlled and realized. We address various different types ofspatial configurations of the particles and evaluate resulting types ofdeformation using theoretical tools developed for this purpose. Examples aresheet-like arrangements of particles, circular or star-shaped arrangements ofchain-like aggregates, or actual three-dimensional star-like particleconfigurations. We hope to stimulate with our work the development ofexperimental design and engineering methods so that selected spatial particlearrangements in magnetic gels and elastomers can be put to reality. Overall, wein this way wish to promote the transfer of these promising class of materialsto real-world applications.

Magnetic elastomers as specific soft actuators -- predicting particular modes of deformation from selected configurations of magnetizable inclusions