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This article aims to study the linear and nonlinear optical response ofinversion symmetric graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in the presence of on-sitedisorder or vacancies. The presence of disorder or vacancy breaks the specialinversion symmetry leading to the emergence of intense Hall-type anomalousharmonics. This phenomenon is attributed to the intrinsic time-reversalsymmetry-breaking in quantum dots with a pseudo-relativistic Hamiltonian, evenin the absence of an external magnetic field. We demonstrate that the effectsinduced by disorder or vacancy have a distinct impact on the optical responseof GQDs. In the linear response, we observe significant Hall conductivity. Inthe presence of an intense laser field, we observe the radiation of stronganomalous odd and even-order harmonics already for relatively small levels ofdisorder or mono-vacancy. The both disorder and vacancy lift the degeneracy ofstates, thereby creating new channels for interband transitions and enhancingthe emission of near-cutoff high-harmonic signals.

Intense anomalous high harmonics in graphene quantum dots caused by disorder or vacancies