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Clusters of topologically connected calorimeter cells around cells with largeabsolute signal-to-noise ratio (topo-clusters) are the basis for calorimetersignal reconstruction in the ATLAS experiment. Topological cell clustering hasproven performant in LHC Runs 1 and 2. It is, however, susceptible toout-of-time pile-up of signals from soft collisions outside the 25 nsproton-bunch-crossing window associated with the event's hard collision. Toreduce this effect, a calorimeter-cell timing criterion was added to thesignal-to-noise ratio requirement in the clustering algorithm. Multipleversions of this criterion were tested by reconstructing hadronic signals insimulated events and Run 2 ATLAS data. The preferred version rejectscalorimeter cells with a signal-to-noise ratio less than $-4$ or between 4 and20 for signal times incompatible with the hard collision. This reduces theout-of-time pile-up jet multiplicity by $\sim$50% for jet $p_\text{T}\sim 20$GeV and by $\sim$80% for jet $p_\text{T} \gtrsim 50$ GeV, while not disruptingthe reconstruction of hadronic signals of interest, and improving the jetenergy resolution by up to 5% for $20 < p_\text{T} < 30$ GeV. Pile-up is alsosuppressed for other physics objects based on topo-clusters (electrons,photons, $\tau$-leptons), reducing the overall event size on disk by about 6%in early Run 3 pile-up conditions. Offline reconstruction for Run 3 includesthe timing requirement.

Improving topological cluster reconstruction using calorimeter cell timing in ATLAS