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The Jarzynski equality (JE), which connects the equilibrium free energy withnon-equilibrium work statistics, plays a crucial role in quantumthermodynamics. Although practical quantum systems are usually multi-levelsystems, most tests of the JE were executed in two-level systems. A rigoroustest of the JE by directly measuring the work distribution of a physicalprocess in a high-dimensional quantum system remains elusive. Here, we reportan experimental test of the JE in a single spin-1 system. We realizednondemolition projective measurement of this three-level system via cascadinghigh-fidelity single-shot readouts and directly measured the work distributionutilizing the two-point measurement protocol. The validity of the JE wasverified from the non-adiabatic to adiabatic zone and under different effectivetemperatures. Our work puts the JE on a solid experimental foundation and makesthe NV center system a mature toolbox to perform advanced experiments ofstochastic quantum thermodynamics.

Experimental test of the Jarzynski equality in a single spin-1 system using high-fidelity single-shot readouts