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Nuclear modification factors (NMFs) applied to A-B collision systems consistof $p_t$ spectrum ratios rescaled by an estimated number of nucleon-nucleonbinary collisions. Interest in NMFs is motivated by possible modification(suppression?) of jet production in more-central A-B collisions conjectured toarise from a deconfined quark-gluon plasma or QGP. Interpretation of NMFs iscomplicated by the so-called Cronin effect wherein similar ratios derived fromfixed-target p-A data exhibited suppression at lower $p_t$ and enhancement athigher $p_t$ with increasing atomic weight A. This presentation describesprecision analysis of identified-hadron spectra from 5 TeV $p$-Pb collisionsthat accurately isolates the entire jet contribution. Evolution of NMF spectrumratios with $p$-Pb centrality is interpreted in terms of variation ofcorresponding jet contributions to spectra. The same method is then applied toChicago-Princeton fixed-target spectrum data from the seventies wherein theCronin effect was first observed. Soft and hard particle densities vary asfixed powers of $A$. Inferred jet contributions are quantitatively consistentwith extrapolation from higher energies. The Cronin effect is a simple resultof rescaling particle-density spectra by factor $1/A^{1/3}$.

Nuclear modification factors and the Cronin effect