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Achieving amplification with high gain and quantum-limited noise is adifficult problem to solve. Parametric amplification using a superconductingtransmission line with high kinetic inductance is a promising technology notonly to solve this problem but also adding several benefits. When compared withother technologies, they have the potential of improving power saturation,achieving larger fractional bandwidths and operating at higher frequencies. Inthis type of amplifiers, selecting the proper transmission line is a keyelement in their design. Given current fabrication limitations, traditionallines such as coplanar waveguides (CPW), are not ideal for this purpose sinceit is difficult to make them with the proper characteristic impedance for goodmatching and slow-enough phase velocity for making them more compact.Capacitively-loaded lines, also known as artificial lines, are a good solutionto this problem. However, few design rules or models have been presented toguide their accurate design. This fact is even more crucial considering thatthey are usually fabricated in the form of Floquet lines that have to bedesigned carefully to suppress undesired harmonics appearing in the parametricprocess. In this article we present, firstly, a new modelling strategy, basedon the use of electromagnetic-simulation software, and, secondly, afirst-principles model that facilitate and speed the design of CPW artificiallines and of Floquet lines made out of them. Then, we present comparisons withexperimental results that demonstrate their accuracy. Finally, the theoreticalmodel allows to predict the high-frequency behaviour of the artificial linesshowing that they are good candidates for implementing parametric amplifiersabove 100 GHz.

Modeling and Testing Superconducting Artificial CPW Lines Suitable for Parametric Amplification