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We introduce Mysticeti-C, the first DAG-based Byzantine consensus protocol toachieve the lower bounds of latency of 3 message rounds. Since Mysticeti-C isbuilt over DAGs it also achieves high resource efficiency and censorshipresistance. Mysticeti-C achieves this latency improvement by avoiding explicitcertification of the DAG blocks and by proposing a novel commit rule such thatevery block can be committed without delays, resulting in optimal latency inthe steady state and under crash failures. We further extend Mysticeti-C toMysticeti-FPC, which incorporates a fast commit path that achieves even lowerlatency for transferring assets. Unlike prior fast commit path protocols,Mysticeti-FPC minimizes the number of signatures and messages by weaving thefast path transactions into the DAG. This frees up resources, whichsubsequently result in better performance. We prove the safety and liveness ina Byzantine context. We evaluate both Mysticeti protocols and compare them withstate-of-the-art consensus and fast path protocols to demonstrate their lowlatency and resource efficiency, as well as their more graceful degradationunder crash failures. Mysticeti-C is the first Byzantine consensus protocol toachieve WAN latency of 0.5s for consensus commit while simultaneouslymaintaining state-of-the-art throughput of over 200k TPS. Finally, we report onintegrating Mysticeti-C as the consensus protocol into the Sui blockchain,resulting in over 4x latency reduction.

Mysticeti: Reaching the Limits of Latency with Uncertified DAGs